Lymphatic filariasis, commonly referred to as elephantiasis, stands as a neglected tropical disease. Transmission of filarial parasites to humans through mosquitoes leads to infection, typically acquired during childhood, resulting in concealed harm to the lymphatic system.
Transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, the causative parasite of lymphatic filariasis, occurs through the following process:
1. The transmission involves female Culex mosquitoes, which serve as carriers of the parasite from an infected individual to a healthy person.
2. Filarial larvae exit the mosquito’s body, reaching the human skin where they penetrate and enter the body.
3. These larvae undergo two moultings, progressing into adulthood, and subsequently settle in the lymphatic system. The incubation period spans approximately 8-16 months.
4. Upon settling in the lymphatic system, the infection is termed lymphatic filariasis.
5. The worms infect the lymphatic circulation, leading to the enlargement of lymph vessels and nodes. This results in swelling, particularly in the extremities such as legs or limbs, resembling the appearance of elephant legs. Hence, the condition is referred to as elephantiasis.
6. The manifestation of swelling due to the accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues is termed lymphoedema.