The menstrual cycle comprises distinct phases:
The menstrual cycle unfolds in a series of well-defined phases:
1. Menstrual Phase: This initial stage spans 3-7 days and involves the shedding of the uterine lining. It signifies the start of a new cycle.
2. Proliferative Phase / Follicular Phase / Post Menstrual Phase: In this dynamic period, ovarian follicles are stimulated, primarily by FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). The uterine lining thickens, preparing for potential implantation.
3. Ovulatory Phase: A pivotal moment in the cycle, this phase is marked by the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This process is triggered by a surge in LH (luteinizing hormone), facilitating the possibility of fertilization.
4. Luteal Phase: Following ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, a structure that produces progesterone. This hormone plays a vital role in maintaining the uterine lining in anticipation of a potential pregnancy.
Hormonal regulation, mainly estrogen and progesterone, guides the menstrual phases, creating a favorable uterine environment for potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn’t happen, hormonal levels decrease, starting a new menstrual cycle.