Let’s compare the characteristics of X-chromosome and Y-chromosome:
X-chromosome:
1. It is a straight, rod-like chromosome longer than the Y chromosome and is metacentric.
2. It contains a significant amount of euchromatin and a smaller amount of heterochromatin.
3. With a large DNA content, it is genetically active, housing numerous genes.
4. The non-homologous region is longer, hosting X-linked genes.
5. It is present in both men and women.
Y-chromosome:
1. It is a shorter chromosome and acrocentric in structure.
2. Featuring less euchromatin and more heterochromatin.
3. With a smaller DNA content, it is genetically less active, containing fewer genes.
4. The non-homologous region is shorter, housing Y-linked genes.
5. It is exclusively present in men.