Food is one of the basic needs as it gives us energy for everything. It keeps us alive, strong and healthy. It can be defined as any thing solid or liquid, which when swallowed, digested and assimilated in the body, keeping us well. It is organic, energy rich, non-poisonous, edible and nourishing substance.
1. Collection of Variability: i) Gather diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop through germplasm collection. ii) Preserve wild species and relatives of cultivated species with desired traits. iii) In situ conservation occurs in forests and natural reserves, while botanical gardens and seed banks facilitate ex situ conservation. 2. Evaluation and Selection of … Read more
1. Mutations denote sudden heritable changes in the genetic makeup. 2. The occurrence of natural mutations is characterized by a slow rate of occurrence. 3. Natural physical mutagens encompass factors like exposure to elevated temperatures, high concentrations of CO2, X-rays, and UV rays. 4. Induction of mutations can be achieved through the use of various … Read more
Diverse poultry diseases can be categorized into various types: 1. Viral Diseases: Examples include Ranikhet, Bronchitis, and Avian Influenza (bird flu), which has not only had a significant impact on poultry farming but has also been known to cause infections in humans. 2. Bacterial Diseases: Conditions such as Pullorum, Cholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis (TB), Chronic Respiratory … Read more
Fish preservation methods include: 1. Chilling: Fish is covered with layers of ice for short-term preservation, effectively slowing down autolytic enzyme activity. 2. Freezing: This long-duration method involves freezing fish at temperatures between 0°C to -20°C, inhibiting autolytic enzymes and reducing bacterial growth. 3. Freeze Drying: Fish frozen at -20°C undergo direct sublimation of ice to … Read more
1. Derived from the dermal glands of the female lac insect (Trachardia lacca), lac is a resin with a distinct pink hue that solidifies upon exposure to air, resulting in the formation of lac. 2. Constituting a complex substance, lac encompasses resin, sugar, water, minerals, and alkaline substances, contributing to its multifaceted composition. 3. Displaying … Read more
Sewage water purification is achieved by directing it through sewage treatment plants, utilizing the action of microorganisms. Within these plants, the separation of solids from liquids occurs through physical processes, while liquids undergo purification through biological and chemical processes in three distinct stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary. (i) Primary Treatment: Physical removal of particles like … Read more
In India, four prevalent honey bee species include Apis dorsata (rock bee or wild bee), Apis florea (little bee), Apis mellifera (European bee), and Apis indica (Indian bee). Uses: 1. Rock bees : Rock bees yield an impressive 36 kg of honey per comb annually and also generate beeswax. 2. Little bees : Little bees … Read more
The significance of fisheries in the economy is as follows: 1. Offering valuable employment and self-employment opportunities, the industry proves to be a significant source of livelihood for many individuals. 2. Fish contribute to a nutritious diet, serving as a vital source of wholesome food. 3. The fishing industry generates various commercially valuable by-products, including … Read more
Farm management adheres to the following principles: 1. Choosing high-yield breeds. 2. Comprehending farm animals’ feed needs. 3. Providing ample nutritional sources for animals. 4. Ensuring environmental cleanliness. 5. Sustaining health through veterinary oversight. 6. Implementing vaccination initiatives. 7. Creating high-yield crossbred varieties. 8. Producing diverse items and preserving them. 9. Handling distribution and marketing … Read more
Antibiotics: 1. Chloromycetin is sourced from Streptomyces venezuelae. 2. Erythromycin is derived from Streptomyces erythreus. 3. Penicillin is produced by Penicillium chrysogenum. 4. Streptomycin is obtained from Streptomyces griseus. 5. Griseofulvin comes from Penicillium griseojulvum. 6. Bacitracin is sourced from Bacillus licheniformis. 7. Oxytetracyclin (Terramycin) is produced by Streptomyces aurifaciens. Enzyme: Invertase is derived from … Read more