Human Health and Diseases

Health does not simply mean ‘absence of disease’ or physical fitness. In fact, it is difficult to aptly define health. According to the World Health Organization, health is defined as the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In short, health is birth right of humans. Health also reflects the metabolic and functional efficiency of living organisms.

Do you think that friends can influence one to take alcohol/drugs? If yes, how may one protect himself/herself from such an influence?

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Certainly, friends can impact alcohol consumption in the pursuit of modernity or as a status symbol. Preventive measures against alcohol and drug abuse include the following measures: To command one’s will, a person needs considerable strength: The phrase suggests that individuals need strong self-discipline and inner strength to exert control over their desires and decisions. … Read more

In your view, what motivates the youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can this be avoided?

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People may succumb to peer pressure, driven by the desire for excitement and a liking for certain tastes. The escape from frustrations, influenced by family history, can also contribute to such choices. Additionally, curiosity sparked by advertisements and a false belief in enhanced performance may play a role. Ultimately, some individuals may turn to substances … Read more

Describe the ill –effects of alcoholism on health.

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Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse: i. Behavioral Changes: Immediate adverse effects of drug and alcohol abuse manifest as reckless behavior, vandalism, and violence. ii. Coma/Death: Excessive drug doses may lead to coma or death due to respiratory, heart failure, or cerebral hemorrhage. Combining drugs with alcohol often results in overdose and fatalities. iii. Social Changes: Warning … Read more

Describe the different type of immunity.

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There are two fundamental types of immunity: Innate or Inborn (inherited) immunity and Acquired or Adaptive immunity. i. Innate Immunity: Innate immunity is the genetically inherited resistance to infections. It serves as the natural defense system of the body, not influenced by prior contact with microorganisms or immunization. This non-specific immunity provides a general degree of … Read more

What is cancer? Differentiate between bening tumor and malignant tumor.

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Cancer arises when cells undergo uncontrolled division and infiltrate neighboring tissues due to alterations in DNA. The majority of these DNA changes, known as genetic changes, occur in specific regions of DNA called genes. Difference between bening tumor and  malignant tumor: Benign: 1. Not cancerous 2. Don’t invade surrounding tissue 3. Don’t spread to other … Read more

Write a note on Vaccination.

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Vaccination, administering a vaccine for protection against pathogens, is vital for primary prevention. The immune system, while naturally defending against infections, can be overwhelmed by certain pathogens, leading to severe illness. Vaccination involves exposing the immune system to a safe antigenic preparation to recognize and eliminate pathogens in future encounters. Diseases like measles, polio, tetanus, … Read more

Describe the structure of antibody.

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Antibodies, or Immunoglobulins (Igs), are glycoproteins with remarkable specificity towards particular antigens. They are generated in response to antigenic stimulation and produced by plasma cells, which originate from B–lymphocytes. These mature plasma cells exhibit an extraordinary production rate, synthesizing antibodies at approximately 2000 molecules per second. Structure of antibody: 1. Antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Igs), are … Read more

Write a short note on typhoid.

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Symptoms of typhoid: 1. Initial Signs: Chills, sweating, and weakness may manifest in the early stages. 2. Fever and Gastrointestinal Issues: High fever, skin rashes, dehydration, constipation, and stomach pain are common. 3. General Health Impact: Weight loss, muscle aches, and loss of appetite contribute to overall health deterioration. 4. Advanced Symptoms: Severe headache, delirium/hallucinations, … Read more

What measure would you take to prevent water-borne diseases?

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To safeguard against waterborne illnesses, one must implement the following precautions.  1. Prioritize consuming fresh and clean water. 2. Always filter contaminated water before consumption. 3. Disinfect water resources to ensure safety. 4. Avoid consuming water from ponds. 5. Practice caution by ensuring water quality before consumption.

How does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place? a. Amoebiasis b. Malaria c. Ascariasis d. Pneumonia

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Amoebiasis is typically spread through: 1. The fecal-oral route. 2. Contact with unclean hands or objects. 3. Anal-oral contact. 4. Consumption of contaminated food and water. Symptoms of malaria: 1. Experience fever with shivering. 2. Encounter joint pain or arthralgia. 3. Episodes of vomiting. 4. Develop anemia from RBC rupture or haemolysis. 5. Notice haemoglobinuria. … Read more