Modern understanding of DNA has evolved from the discovery of nucleic acid to the development of the double-helix model. In 1869, Friedrich Miescher began working with white blood cells which are the major component of pus from infections. He collected a lot of pus from bandages at the local hospital. He used a salt solution to wash the pus off the bandages.
Degeneracy in the genetic code refers to the phenomenon where a specific amino acid can be encoded by multiple codons. This coding redundancy enables a wide range of permutations and combinations for the representation of a given amino acid, often with variations in just one nucleotide among codons that share the same meaning.
Codon A codon, found on mRNA, consists of three nucleotides and encodes a specific amino acid. Codogen A triplet of nucleotides on DNA, known as codon, dictates the synthesis of a specific amino acid.
DNA replication occurs in the S-phase of the cell cycle, where helicase unwinds the DNA strand, allowing the formation of two identical double DNA strands using single strands as templates.
1. Fragments on the lagging strand are created during DNA synthesis. 2. Synthesis occurs in the 5′ to 3′ direction toward the replication fork. 3. These fragments enable replication on only one of the two strands. 4. This enhances the efficiency of DNA replication.
super-helix relaxing enzyme(Topoisomerase) alleviates supercoiling in replicating DNA.
The genome, found in an organism’s DNA or RNA, encompasses genes and non-coding sequences. It holds all information necessary for an organism’s construction and maintenance. In humans, each cell with a nucleus contains a complete genome of over 3 billion DNA base pairs.
The triplet codes on m-RNA are positioned consecutively without gaps or spaces, making the genetic code regarded as devoid of commas.
The RNA primer attracts matching nucleotides from the nucleoplasm, facilitating the construction of a complementary mRNA strand.