Plant obtains variety of substances like water, minerals, nutrients, food and gases like O2 and CO2 , from its surroundings. Productivity in plants is mainly affected by the non-availability of water.
Macronutrients: Essential macronutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, play vital roles in plant development. Nitrogen is crucial for protein synthesis, and its deficiency leads to leaf yellowing and grain wrinkling. Phosphorus, a key component of cell membranes and proteins, causes red spots on leaves and delays seed germination when deficient. Potassium, abundant in growing … Read more
1. Plants utilize their root system to absorb minerals from the soil. 2. Charged particles, including positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, are taken up by the roots from the soil. 3. Active absorption, a process demanding metabolic energy, enables minerals to be absorbed against the concentration gradient. 4. ATP energy produced through root … Read more
Definition: Hydroponics involves growing plants in nutrient-rich water, either with or without the use of a mechanical support system like sand, gravel, or perlite. 1. Hydroponics, derived from the Greek words “hudor” (water) and “ponos” (work), is a technique where plants are cultivated without soil, receiving essential nutrients through a water-based medium. This involves creating … Read more
1. Stomatal transpiration is regulated by the turgidity of guard cells. 2. Turgor pressure, acting on the unevenly thickened guard cell wall, governs stomatal movement. 3. The elastic outer wall stretches, pulling the inner inelastic wall, causing stomatal opening. 4. Flaccidity of guard cells results in stomatal closure. 5.Osmotically active sugar increases guard cell osmotic … Read more
1. Introduced by Dixon and Jolly in 1894, this theory currently stands as the widely accepted explanation for the upward movement of sap in plants. 2. Grounded in two fundamental principles—cohesion and adhesion, along with transpiration pull—this theory delineates the mechanism behind sap ascent. 3. Cohesion and adhesion dynamics involve the cohesive force among water … Read more
1. Root hairs, originating as tubular extensions of epiblema cells, play a crucial role in absorbing capillary water from the soil. 2. The absorption of water involves three key physical processes: imbibition, diffusion, and osmosis. 3. Imbibition occurs as water molecules are adsorbed on the cell wall of the root hair, contributing to the overall … Read more
1. The absorption of water by plants is facilitated through the intricate network of root hairs embedded in the soil. 2. Root hairs, strategically located in the zone of absorption, play a vital role in the uptake of water and essential nutrients. 3. Originating as unicellular extensions, these root hairs are ephemeral structures formed by … Read more
i. The examination of plant ash reveals the absorption of minerals by plants from the soil and their surroundings. ii. Plants absorb minerals primarily in the ionic (dissolved) form through their roots, and subsequently, these minerals are transported within the plant. iii. The absorption of mineral ions operates independently of water absorption. iv. Mineral ion … Read more
1. Macronutrients, such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), etc., are essential minerals needed in significant quantities for plant metabolism. 2. Micronutrients, including copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl), etc., are minerals needed in small quantities for essential … Read more
A) Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure needed to prevent the inward flow of a pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane. Turgor pressure, inside the cell, pushes the plasma membrane against the plant cell wall. Turgor Pressure vs. Osmotic Pressure: Turgor Pressure 1. Turgor pressure arises in the cell due to osmotic water entry, maintaining … Read more