In this chapter, we will learn about the various methods of reproduction in animals the human reproductive system, gametogenesis and fertilization, early embryology, parturition and reproductive health.
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction commonly observed in various animals like coelenterates such as Hydra and corals, as well as some colonial ascidians. In Hydra, a small outgrowth emerges at the basal end of the body, developing into a bud. This bud grows, forms tentacles, and eventually matures into a new individual. Upon … Read more
Characteristic Zygote Embryo Developmental Stage Initial single-cell stage after fertilization Advanced stage after several cell divisions; multicellular Structure Single cell containing the full set of chromosomes Multicellular with basic structures and organs starting to form Duration Starts at fertilization Follows the zygote and lasts until about the eighth week in humans
Characteristic Blastula Gastrula Structure Hollow ball of cells, often with a blastocoel Three-layered structure with ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm due to gastrulation Cellular Differentiation Initial differentiation, cells maintain a more uniform appearance Significant cellular differentiation, forming distinct cell types and tissues within germ layers
The external genital organs in females include: Mons Pubis Labia Majora Labia Minora Clitoris Vaginal Opening These structures collectively form the external genitalia or vulva in females.
Fertilization, the fusion of the sperm and egg, typically occurs in the fallopian tube. Implantation usually occurs within the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.
Seminal vesicles (fructose), Prostate (enzymes & proteins), and Bulbourethral Glands (lubrication) all pour fluids into semen.
Sperm journey from Testes Tubules → Rete Testis → Vasa Efferentia → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Ejaculatory Duct → Urethra.
The main difference between a fetus and an embryo lies in their developmental stages. An embryo refers to the early stage of development after fertilization and implantation, lasting from the moment of conception until about eight weeks in humans. During this period, the basic structures and organs begin to form. On the other hand, a … Read more