Respiration and Circulation

All living organisms require energy to carry out various life processes. The energy that is stored in the body in the form of complex organic compounds (potential energy) is however not usable by the organisms unless it is converted into usable form. This conversion is achieved through the process of respiration

Distinguish between Intrinsic and extrinsic process of clotting.

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Intrinsic Clotting: 1. Start: Intrinsic clotting begins when there is damage inside blood vessels, like the lining getting hurt. 2. Involved Parts: It uses things in the blood, like platelets and plasma proteins (factor XII). 3. Step-by-Step: A series of steps happens, activating different factors in the blood to make a strong blood clot. 4. … Read more

Distinguish between Blood capillary and lymph capillary.

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Blood Capillary: 1. Function: Blood capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. 2. Composition: As part of the circulatory system, they contain red and white blood cells, along with plasma. 3. Fluid Movement: Blood capillaries enable the movement of blood from arteries to veins, delivering oxygen-rich … Read more

Distinguish between Blood and lymph.

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Blood: 1. Composition: Blood is a red fluid that contains red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. 2. Function: It does many jobs, like carrying oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, removing waste, and helping the immune system. 3. Color: Blood looks red because of something called hemoglobin in the red blood cells. 4. Travel: It … Read more

Distinguish between Artery and vein.

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Arteries and veins, both essential components of the circulatory system, exhibit distinctions in their structure, function, and the nature of the blood they transport. Artery: 1. Function: Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to nourish various body tissues and organs. 2. Blood Type: Typically, arteries convey oxygenated blood, with the exception of the … Read more

Distinguish between Open and closed circulation.

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Open Circulatory System: 1. Predominantly present in invertebrates. 2. Blood circulates freely through cavities due to the absence of vessels. 3. Commonly observed in arthropods and mollusks. 4. Nutrients and gases are exchanged directly with tissues in open spaces. 5. Limited control over blood flow, as it moves through open compartments. Closed Circulatory System: 1. … Read more

Left ventricle is thick than all other chambers of heart.

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1. The left ventricle propels oxygenated blood throughout the body, creating higher pressure within its chamber. 2. In contrast, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs without exerting significant pressure, given the proximity of the lungs to the heart. 3. Reflecting these distinct functions, the left ventricle features a thicker wall compared to … Read more

Arteries are thicker than veins.

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1. The circulatory system comprises the heart and blood vessels, categorized into arteries, veins, and capillaries.

2. Arteries, with their thick and elastic walls, bear the pressure exerted by the blood propelled forcefully during ventricular systole.

3. The heart pumps blood at high pressure into the aorta and its branches to supply oxygen and nutrients to both the brain and areas below the heart.

4. Veins play a crucial role in returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart for reoxygenation.

5. Capillaries, the smallest vessels, facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and surrounding tissues.

6. The arterial system’s resilience ensures efficient blood circulation, supporting vital functions throughout the body.

Person who has undergone heart transplant needs lifetime supply of immunosupressants.

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1. Closed circulation, with its high blood pressure in vessels, enables efficient and swift blood flow to distant body parts. 2. Open circulation, lacking arteries and vessels, results in lower blood pressure, causing a slower delivery of blood to body cells, making closed circulation more efficient.

Human heart is called as myogenic and autorhythmic.

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1. The heart exhibits auto-rhythmicity as the impulse for its rhythmic contractions originates internally, a characteristic known as myogenicity. 2. Certain cardiac muscle fibers acquire self-excitability during development, contributing to the generation of impulses. 3. These self-excitable fibers serve crucial roles as pacemakers, establishing the heart’s rhythm. 4. Additionally, they constitute a conductive system facilitating … Read more

Closed circulation is more efficient than open circulation.

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1. Closed circulation significantly boosts the speed, precision, and efficiency of blood flow, allowing for faster circulation through the closed system and quicker return to the heart. 2. In open circulation, lacking dedicated blood vessels like arteries or veins, there is a resulting low blood pressure, contrasting with the heightened efficiency of closed circulation.