12 Class

Shellac is the refined state of lac acquired through the process of washing and filtration.

Estuaries are confined water areas where freshwater from lakes and streams merges with ocean saltwater, serving as transitional zones from rivers to maritime ecosystems, enclosed by land on both sides.

A homogeneous group of animals within a species, subspecies, or variety, characterized by shared descent and similarities in general appearance, size, configuration, and other features. Examples include Sahiwal and Brown Swiss.

The streptococcus bacterium generates streptokinase, which is employed to dissolve blood clots in individuals experiencing myocardial infarction or cardiac conditions.

Production of dairy production: Curd: It can be a finished dairy product or the initial step in making cheese. Coagulation, induced by rennet, culture, or edible acids like lemon juice, causes milk proteins to form solid curds. Yogurt: Yogurt forms by blending heated milk with bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The mixture is … Read more

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the microbial origin of the enzyme invertase.

Pseudomonas denitrificans is the microbial origin of vitamin B12.

Bacterial biofertilizers are: Rhizobium: 1. Rhizobium, a soil bacterium, forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants. 2. Through root attachment, Rhizobium induces the formation of nodules on the plant roots. 3. These nodules play a crucial role in converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, aiding the plant’s growth. Azotobacter: 1. Azotobacter comprises Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacteria that … Read more

Airborne Leuconostoc and Streptococcus bacteria ferment rice and black gram flour, producing CO² make the idlis puffy.