1.Plasma, constituting the straw-colored, slightly alkaline, and viscous component of blood, comprises 90-92% water and 8-10% soluble proteins. Among these proteins, such as serum albumin, serum globulin, heparin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin, collectively make up 7% of the plasma, contributing to its crucial physiological functions. 2.Furthermore, plasma serves as a carrier for essential nutrients like glucose, … Read more
Sneezing involves the involuntary contraction of expiratory muscles, leading to a forceful release of air through the nose and mouth.
B. A respiratory surface area should be kept dry Correct statement: It is essential to maintain moisture on a respiratory surface.
1. The nose filters inhaled air through fine hairs and mucus, promoting cleaner air intake. 2. Nasal breathing adds moisture and warmth to the air, facilitating smoother entry into the lungs and enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues.
The epiglottis safeguards the trachea from ingested food during the process of eating.
Gas exchange occurs swiftly at the alveolar level due to the abundance of approximately 700 million alveoli in the lungs, creating a substantial surface area for efficient gaseous exchange.
Insects respire directly through tracheal tubes, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the haemocoel. This haemocoel, in turn, directly transfers these gases to the tissues for metabolic processes. The process is aptly termed “direct respiration” in insects due to this efficient exchange pathway.
C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea prevent collapse by accommodating the adjacent esophagus.
1. Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogenous salts, rendering it accessible to plants for uptake. 2. When living organisms participate in the nitrogen fixation process, it is termed biological nitrogen fixation. 3. Predominantly carried out by prokaryotic organisms, particularly various bacteria in the soil, biological nitrogen fixation is a crucial … Read more
Plants, categorized based on their photoperiodic response, fall into three distinct groups: Short Day Plants (SDP), Long Day Plants (LDP), and Day Neutral Plants (DNP). 1. Short Day Plants (SDP): i. Flowering in SDPs occurs when the photoperiod is shorter than the critical length, typically during winter and late summer. ii. SDPs, also known as … Read more