i. The latest fuel policy outlines stringent norms to reduce the sulphur and aromatic content in petrol and diesel, emphasizing the upgrading of engines. These standards, known as Bharat stage emission standards (BS), align with Euro norms and have progressed from Bharat Stage II (BS-II) to BS-VI between 2001 and 2017. ii. The modification of … Read more
i. Saalumarada Thimmakka, an Indian environmentalist hailing from Karnataka, has gained recognition for her remarkable efforts in planting and caring for 385 banyan trees along a 4 km stretch between Hulikal and Kudur. Her extensive tree-planting endeavors extend to nearly 8000 other trees, earning her the esteemed National Citizens Award of India and the prestigious … Read more
i. In response to the recognized detrimental effects of ozone depletion, the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty signed in 1987 in Montreal (Canada), stands as a pivotal measure to regulate the emission of ozone-depleting substances. ii. Subsequent to its inception, additional endeavors and protocols have been established, delineating distinct roadmaps for both developing and developed … Read more
Two types of pollutants are: Natural pollutants:Natural pollutants include mist, dust, fumes. Manmade pollutants: smoke particles, as well as smog pesticides, heavy metals, radioactive elements etc. Fine particles of dust can enter the respiratory passage, potentially causing harm to delicate lung tissues. Dust pollution can result from activities like construction, building demolition, and traffic. Additionally, … Read more
1. Carbon monoxide harms by binding to hemoglobin, diminishing blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. 2. This interference hampers oxygen supply to organs, leading to common effects like fatigue and headaches. 3. CO exposure can result in confusion and dizziness as the brain receives insufficient oxygen.
1. The natural greenhouse effect, crucial for Earth’s habitability, maintains a comfortable average temperature of 15 °C, making the planet suitable for life. 2. Unfortunately, human activities, particularly the rise in greenhouse gas levels from industrialization and automobiles, have transformed the once beneficial greenhouse effect into a significant threat, leading to global warming.
Genetic diversity plays a crucial role in the sustenance of a species by enhancing its ability to adapt to environmental changes. The wide range of gene variations within a population enables individuals to withstand various forms of environmental stress. For instance, some individuals may possess better traits to endure increasing pollution, while others may lack … Read more
1. Lush vegetation and abundant food thrive in tropical regions, thanks to the generous sunlight and humidity. 2. Polar regions, characterized by extensive snow cover, exhibit minimal vegetation and stark landscapes. 3. Survival in these extreme environments is reserved for a select few animal species equipped with specialized adaptations. 4. Plant and animal species diversity … Read more
1. Dandiya Raas festivities often include loudspeakers, contributing to noise pollution. 2. The excessive noise generated poses potential hazards to both ears and overall health. 3. In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Amendment 1987, classifies noise as an air pollutant. 4. According to the law, noise is restricted after 10 … Read more
1. When a species is classified as EW (extinct in the wild), it means that its existence is limited to captivity or naturalized populations outside its original habitat due to extensive habitat loss. 2. The EW category designates species that no longer exist in their natural habitat, residing solely in captivity or as introduced populations … Read more