Macronutrients: Essential macronutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, play vital roles in plant development. Nitrogen is crucial for protein synthesis, and its deficiency leads to leaf yellowing and grain wrinkling. Phosphorus, a key component of cell membranes and proteins, causes red spots on leaves and delays seed germination when deficient. Potassium, abundant in growing … Read more
1. Plants utilize their root system to absorb minerals from the soil. 2. Charged particles, including positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, are taken up by the roots from the soil. 3. Active absorption, a process demanding metabolic energy, enables minerals to be absorbed against the concentration gradient. 4. ATP energy produced through root … Read more
Definition: Hydroponics involves growing plants in nutrient-rich water, either with or without the use of a mechanical support system like sand, gravel, or perlite. 1. Hydroponics, derived from the Greek words “hudor” (water) and “ponos” (work), is a technique where plants are cultivated without soil, receiving essential nutrients through a water-based medium. This involves creating … Read more
1. Stomatal transpiration is regulated by the turgidity of guard cells. 2. Turgor pressure, acting on the unevenly thickened guard cell wall, governs stomatal movement. 3. The elastic outer wall stretches, pulling the inner inelastic wall, causing stomatal opening. 4. Flaccidity of guard cells results in stomatal closure. 5.Osmotically active sugar increases guard cell osmotic … Read more
A ‘necessary evil’ as termed by curtis transpiration because: 1. Stomata, small openings in the leaf epidermis, facilitate 90–93% of transpiration, a vital plant process. 2. To enable gaseous exchange through diffusion, stomata must remain open during this essential biological activity. 3. Gaseous exchange is crucial for both respiration and photosynthesis within plants. 4. The … Read more
Capillarity theory of water translocation: 1. Bohem proposed the capillarity theory of water translocation.Capillarity arises from the interplay of surface tension, cohesive forces, and adhesive forces among water molecules. 2. Xylem vessels and tracheids are tubular elements characterized by their luminal structure. 3. Within these elements, a water column is sustained through the synergistic influence … Read more
Significance of transpiration: 1. Facilitating a cooling effect by absorbing plant heat and converting water into vapor during transpiration. 2. Ensuring optimal turgor pressure by absorbing excess water during transpiration, promoting healthy growth. 3. Assisting mineral transport by generating a transpiration pull, aiding the roots in absorbing and distributing soil minerals. 4. Supporting water transport … Read more
Transpiration is the process wherein water is lost from the plant body in the form of vapor. Role of transpiration: 1. Eliminates excess water. 2. Facilitates passive absorption of water and minerals. 3. Aids in the ascent of sap through transpiration pull. 4. Sustains cell turgor. 5. Provides a cooling effect by reducing temperature. 6. … Read more
Transpiration is the process in which water is lost in the form of vapor. Mechanism of closing and opening of stomata is as follows: Stomatal transpiration primarily involves minute pores. Stomata consist of two guard cells encircled by accessory cells. The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by the turgidity of guard cells. When … Read more
Theories of water translocation: The translocation of water is explained by various theories: 1. Vital force theories 2. Root pressure theory 3. Capillary force theory 4. Cohesion force theory Root pressure theory: Root pressure, once believed to drive water up plant stems, faces objections. The force is weak (max 2 atm), insufficient for tall trees. … Read more