1. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium asserts that genetic variation stays constant in a population under random mating and no disruptive factors, predicting stable genotype and allele frequencies. 2. However, natural forces like mutations, selection, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow often disturb this equilibrium, making it more of an idealized concept than a practical reality … Read more
Genetic drift refers to variations in a population that arise purely by chance rather than through natural selection influencing allele frequency changes.
Definition: Adaptive radiation refers to the evolutionary process where diverse species emerge from a common ancestor and spread out in various directions.e.g 1. Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands exemplify adaptive radiation, originating from a single seed-eating species that arrived by chance. 2. The diverse beak shapes in these finches evolved as a result of … Read more
Speciation refers to the evolutionary process wherein a single species diverges into two or more genetically distinct entities, often influenced by factors such as genetic drift, migration, geographical isolation, and natural selection.
Population refers to the aggregate count of individuals residing in a specific region during a given timeframe. It encapsulates the total number of people present in a particular area at a designated moment. Essentially, population represents the collective populace within a defined temporal and spatial context.
Organic evolution is the phenomenon where alterations in the genetic makeup of organism populations take place as a response to shifts in the environment.
Gene frequency, as defined by Gillespie (2004), represents the proportion or percentage of a population possessing a specific allele at a given genetic locus. This concept is more accurately termed allele frequency. It quantifies the prevalence of a particular gene variant within a population, reflecting the distribution of alleles at that locus.
The gene pool encompasses the entirety of genes within a breeding population, constituting the genetic information for a specific species. It serves as the fundamental level for evolutionary processes, as variations in the gene pool contribute to the emergence of new species.
The Lac operon, proposed by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod, is predominantly found in prokaryotes like E. coli, representing the first identified gene regulatory process in bacteria. Comprising an operator, promoter, three structural genes (lacZ, lacY, lacA), and a terminator, the operon governs the regulation of lactose, including its transport and metabolism. The structural genes … Read more
Translation is the term used to describe the polymerization of amino acids into a polypeptide, constituting the biological process by which proteins are synthesized is called translation. Translation happens in following main steps: Initiation, Elongation, Translocation, Termination Initiation: 1. The initiation phase involves the assembly of ribosomes around the target mRNA. 2. Ribosomes, known as … Read more