Name the causative agent of typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi.
Maharashtra State Board
What does the abbreviation AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome is abbreviated as AIDS.
Which cells stimulate B-cells to form antibodies?
Helper T-cells activate B-cells to produce antibodies.
Name one disease caused by smoking?
Emphysema is a condition characterized by enlarged and damaged lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing.
What is the source of cocaine?
Cocaine originates from the coca plant, scientifically known as Erythroxylum coca.
Describe in brief an account of disorders of the thyroid.
Thyroid gland disorders manifest in three primary types: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and simple goitre. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism results from a deficient secretion of thyroxine, leading to two distinct disorders: cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults. •Cretinism: Occurs in childhood, characterized by the retardation of physical and mental growth. •Myxoedema: Affects adults, also known as Gull’s disease, resulting in … Read more
Explain action of steroid hormones and proteinous hormones.
Hormones exert their effects by acting on specific target organs or tissues with designated binding sites, known as hormone receptors. The mechanisms vary between steroid hormones and protein hormones. Steroid Hormones: 1. Lipid-soluble steroid hormones easily traverse the lipoproteinaceous plasma membrane. 2. Receptors for steroid hormones are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus. 3. The … Read more
Describe in brief, an account of disorders of adrenal gland.
Adrenal cortical secretion disorders result from both insufficient and excessive production of adrenal cortex hormones. Addison’s diseases: Addison’s disease manifests through symptoms such as hypoglycemia, reduced body temperature, weakened heart function, low blood pressure, acidosis, decreased concentrations of sodium and potassium in the plasma, increased urinary loss of sodium and water, impaired kidney function, and … Read more
What is adenohypophysis? Name the homones secreted by it?
1. The adenohypophysis constitutes the prominent anterior segment of the pituitary gland. 2. Originating from the embryonic ectoderm, it emerges as Rathke’s pouch, a small protrusion from the roof of the embryonic stomodaeum. 3. Comprising secretory cells with an epitheloid structure, the adenohypophysis carries out hormonal functions. 4. Rathke’s pouch undergoes development to form this … Read more
Explain the role of hypothalamus and pituitary as a coordinated unit in maintaining homeostasis?
1. Homeostasis maintains a constant internal body environment, with negative feedback mechanisms playing a crucial role. 2. Excessive hormone secretion triggers inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus, leading to negative feedback that halts pituitary stimulating hormone production. 3. Hormone deficits prompt the release of specific factors, signaling the respective gland to maintain hormonal balance and homeostasis. … Read more