Secondary and Higher Education

Write the names of hormones and the glands secreting them for the regulation of following functions. a. Growth of thyroid and secretion of thyroxine. b. Helps in relaxing pubic ligaments to facilitate easy birth of young ones. c. Stimulate intestinal glands to secrete interstinal juice. d. Controls calcium level in the blood e. Controls tubular absorption of water in kidneys. f. Urinary elimination of water. g. Sodium and potassium ion metabolism. h. Basal Metabolic rate. i. Uterine contraction. j. Heart beat and blood pressure. k. Secretion of growth hormone. l. Maturation of Graafian follicle.

by

(a) Adenohypophysis releases TSH. (b) The degenerating corpus luteum of the ovary produces Relaxin. (c) Duodenal mucosa secretes Secretin. (d) Thyroid releases Calcitonin (hypocalcemic hormone), and parathyroid glands produce Parathormone(hypercalcemic hormone). (e) Hypothalamus releases ADH. (f) Atrial natriuretic factor is produced by the atria of the heart. (g) Aldosterone is synthesized by the adrenal cortex. … Read more

What will be the effect of thyroid gland atrophy on the human body?

by

The thyroid gland’s atrophy causes a reduction in thyroid hormone secretion, leading to the development of hypothyroidism. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone: Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce and release an adequate amount of thyroid hormone into the body. a. Cretinism: Hypothyroidism, characterized by a deficiency in the production of the thyroid hormone … Read more

Krishna was going to school and on the way he saw a major bus accident. His heart beat increased and hands and feet become cold. Name the part of the nervous system that had a role to play in this reaction.

by

Krishna’s symptoms were a result of the sympathetic nervous system activation during an emergency. The adrenal medulla cells release adrenaline and noradrenaline, directly affecting the heart’s pacemaker, leading to increased heart rate and associated symptoms—a typical fright reaction triggered by the sympathetic nervous system.

Explain the Reflex Pathway with the help of a neat labelled diagram.

by

1. Receptor organs, such as the skin, eyes, tongue, nose, and ears, specialize in converting stimuli into impulses. 2. Sensory neurons transport these impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system, with their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion. 3. Motor neurons, located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, convey motor … Read more

Explain the process of conduction of nerve impulses upto development of action potential

by

Polarisation and Depolarisation along a nerve i. A nerve impulse signifies a wave of bioelectrical or electrochemical disruptions coursing through a neuron. ii. Neurons possess a polarized cellular membrane with distinct voltages on its outer and inner sides. The plasma membrane separates these solutions of differing chemical compounds, despite having approximately the same total number … Read more

Name the ovarian hormone and give their functions.

by

Ovarian hormones include estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin. Functions: 1. Estrogen: • Stimulates secondary sexual characteristic development during puberty. • Regulates the menstrual cycle, promoting uterine lining growth. • Maintains bone density and cardiovascular health. 2. Progesterone: • Prepares and sustains the endometrium for potential pregnancy. • Coordinates with estrogen for menstrual cycle regulation. • Supports early pregnancy by preventing … Read more

Which are the 2 types of goitre? What are their causes?

by

Simple goiter: Simple goitre, also known as endemic goitre, arises from a deficiency of iodine in the diet. This deficiency leads to a reduced iodine level in the bloodstream. To compensate for this shortage, the thyroid gland attempts to extract more iodine from the blood, prompting an increase in blood supply to the gland. Consequently, … Read more

Name the secretion of alpha, beta and delta cells of islets of langerhans. Explain their role.

by

The Islets of Langerhans constitute the endocrine portion of the pancreas. There are four type of cells in islets of langerhans Alpha cell: 1. Glucagon hormone is secreted by alpha cells. 2. Alpha cells release the hormone glucagon. 3. The secretion of glucagon is carried out by alpha cells. 4. Glucagon is produced and released … Read more

Explain how the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system function as a closely integrated system.

by

1. The adrenal medulla stems from embryonic neuro-ectoderm. 2. Comprising rounded clusters of large granular cells known as chromaffin cells, it consists of modified post-ganglionic cells from the sympathetic nervous system. 3. These cells maintain connections with preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system. 4. Consequently, the adrenal medulla serves as a continuation of the … Read more