Decomposition:
Metabolism involves decomposing complex compounds by taking in raw materials, processing them, and converting them into simpler compounds.
Decomposition progresses through five distinct steps or phases in its entirety.
Fragmentation:
In the early phase of decomposition, detritus undergoes fragmentation as detritivores break it down into smaller pieces.
Leaching:
Leaching occurs when fragmented particles, which may contain water-soluble inorganic nutrients, dissolve in water and seep into the soil, ultimately precipitating during the leaching process.
Catabolism:
After breaking down complex materials into smaller particles and removing inorganic nutrients, detritus is transformed into simpler inorganic compounds through the catabolic actions of various fungal and bacterial enzymes.
Humification:
Humification is the creation of a dark-colored layer of amorphous substance known as humus in the soil. Humus, resistant to microbial decomposition, forms a nutrient-rich layer, enhancing soil fertility.
Mineralization:
Mineralization represents the concluding stage of the process, referring to the degradation of humus to liberate inorganic nutrients.