Birth control methods are categorized into temporary and permanent options:
A. Temporary Methods:
1.Natural Method/Safe Period/Rhythm Method: Involves avoiding intercourse a week before and after menstrual bleeding, considering presumed ovulation on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.
2.Coitus Interruptus or Withdrawal: Requires the male partner to withdraw before ejaculation to prevent insemination, acknowledging drawbacks due to potential sperm in pre-ejaculation fluid.
3.Lactational Amenorrhea: Utilizes reduced conception chances during intense lactation post-childbirth when ovulation is suppressed, although it carries a risk of failure.
4.Chemical Means(Spermicides): Introduces chemicals (foam, tablets, jellies, and creams) into the vagina before intercourse to immobilize and kill sperm.
5.Mechanical Means/Barrier Methods:
(i) Condom: A thin rubber sheath covering the male penis, used before coital activity, providing protection against STDs and AIDS.
(ii) Diaphragm, Cervical Caps, and Vaults: Rubber devices inserted into the female reproductive tract, covering the cervix during copulation, preventing sperm entry.
(iii) Intra-uterine Devices(IUDs): Plastic or metal objects in the uterus (Lippes loop, copper-releasing IUDs, hormone-releasing IUDs) preventing fertilization or embryo implantation.
6.Physiological(Oral) Devices: Birth control pills inhibit ovulation by suppressing hormones; ‘Saheli’ is a weekly pill.
7.Other Contraceptives: Birth control implant, akin to pills, is implanted under the skin of the upper arm.
B.Permanent Methods(Surgical Operations): In men, vasectomy; in women, tubectomy; both surgical procedures block gamete transport, preventing pregnancy.