Capillarity theory of water translocation:
1. Bohem proposed the capillarity theory of water translocation.Capillarity arises from the interplay of surface tension, cohesive forces, and adhesive forces among water molecules.
2. Xylem vessels and tracheids are tubular elements characterized by their luminal structure.
3. Within these elements, a water column is sustained through the synergistic influence of cohesive forces, adhesive forces of water, and the presence of lignified walls.
4. The cohesive and adhesive forces collectively contribute to the capillarity phenomenon, allowing water to ascend.
5. Consequently, the upward movement of water is facilitated through the intricate balance of these forces within the xylem vessels and tracheids.