1. Plants utilize their root system to absorb minerals from the soil.
2. Charged particles, including positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, are taken up by the roots from the soil.
3. Active absorption, a process demanding metabolic energy, enables minerals to be absorbed against the concentration gradient.
4. ATP energy produced through root cell respiration powers the active absorption of minerals.
5. Root hair accumulates ions against the concentration gradient, facilitating their journey through cortical cells to eventually reach the xylem of the roots and be transported, along with water, to other parts of the plant.