Long Answers

Do you think that friends can influence one to take alcohol/drugs? If yes, how may one protect himself/herself from such an influence?

by

Certainly, friends can impact alcohol consumption in the pursuit of modernity or as a status symbol. Preventive measures against alcohol and drug abuse include the following measures: To command one’s will, a person needs considerable strength: The phrase suggests that individuals need strong self-discipline and inner strength to exert control over their desires and decisions. … Read more

In your view, what motivates the youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can this be avoided?

by

People may succumb to peer pressure, driven by the desire for excitement and a liking for certain tastes. The escape from frustrations, influenced by family history, can also contribute to such choices. Additionally, curiosity sparked by advertisements and a false belief in enhanced performance may play a role. Ultimately, some individuals may turn to substances … Read more

Describe the ill –effects of alcoholism on health.

by

Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse: i. Behavioral Changes: Immediate adverse effects of drug and alcohol abuse manifest as reckless behavior, vandalism, and violence. ii. Coma/Death: Excessive drug doses may lead to coma or death due to respiratory, heart failure, or cerebral hemorrhage. Combining drugs with alcohol often results in overdose and fatalities. iii. Social Changes: Warning … Read more

Describe the different type of immunity.

by

There are two fundamental types of immunity: Innate or Inborn (inherited) immunity and Acquired or Adaptive immunity. i. Innate Immunity: Innate immunity is the genetically inherited resistance to infections. It serves as the natural defense system of the body, not influenced by prior contact with microorganisms or immunization. This non-specific immunity provides a general degree of … Read more

What is cancer? Differentiate between bening tumor and malignant tumor.

by

Cancer arises when cells undergo uncontrolled division and infiltrate neighboring tissues due to alterations in DNA. The majority of these DNA changes, known as genetic changes, occur in specific regions of DNA called genes. Difference between bening tumor and  malignant tumor: Benign: 1. Not cancerous 2. Don’t invade surrounding tissue 3. Don’t spread to other … Read more

Write a note on Vaccination.

by

Vaccination, administering a vaccine for protection against pathogens, is vital for primary prevention. The immune system, while naturally defending against infections, can be overwhelmed by certain pathogens, leading to severe illness. Vaccination involves exposing the immune system to a safe antigenic preparation to recognize and eliminate pathogens in future encounters. Diseases like measles, polio, tetanus, … Read more

Describe the structure of antibody.

by

Antibodies, or Immunoglobulins (Igs), are glycoproteins with remarkable specificity towards particular antigens. They are generated in response to antigenic stimulation and produced by plasma cells, which originate from B–lymphocytes. These mature plasma cells exhibit an extraordinary production rate, synthesizing antibodies at approximately 2000 molecules per second. Structure of antibody: 1. Antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Igs), are … Read more

Describe in brief an account of disorders of the thyroid.

by

Thyroid gland disorders manifest in three primary types: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and simple goitre. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism results from a deficient secretion of thyroxine, leading to two distinct disorders: cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults. •Cretinism: Occurs in childhood, characterized by the retardation of physical and mental growth. •Myxoedema: Affects adults, also known as Gull’s disease, resulting in … Read more

Explain action of steroid hormones and proteinous hormones.

by

Hormones exert their effects by acting on specific target organs or tissues with designated binding sites, known as hormone receptors. The mechanisms vary between steroid hormones and protein hormones. Steroid Hormones: 1. Lipid-soluble steroid hormones easily traverse the lipoproteinaceous plasma membrane. 2. Receptors for steroid hormones are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus. 3. The … Read more

Describe in brief, an account of disorders of adrenal gland.

by

Adrenal cortical secretion disorders result from both insufficient and excessive production of adrenal cortex hormones. Addison’s diseases: Addison’s disease manifests through symptoms such as hypoglycemia, reduced body temperature, weakened heart function, low blood pressure, acidosis, decreased concentrations of sodium and potassium in the plasma, increased urinary loss of sodium and water, impaired kidney function, and … Read more