1. Orchids, as epiphytes, rely on mango trees for support without causing any harm to them. 2. The mango tree, despite providing support, does not receive any benefits from this association with the orchid. 3. The interaction between the orchid and mango tree is characterized as commensalism, where one species benefits (orchid) while the other … Read more
Morphological defense mechanisms: 1. Opuntia and cactus leaves undergo morphological changes, transforming into sharp spines or thorns, serving as a defense mechanism to deter herbivores from feeding on them. 2. Certain plants exhibit spiny leaf margins, creating sharp edges that pose challenges for herbivores attempting to consume them. 3. Acacia plants employ a defense strategy … Read more
1. Marine fish possess distinct osmoregulation mechanisms tailored for high-salinity environments, where ambient salinity exceeds their body’s ion concentration. 2. In marine water, the salinity levels are higher than the fish’s internal ion concentration, necessitating specialized adaptations for osmoregulation. 3. The reverse scenario occurs in fresh water, where the ambient salinity is lower than the … Read more
1. Dormant seeds exhibit no metabolic activities and can only resume growth when provided with adequate moisture and sunlight, typically through planting or exposure to a moist environment. 2. Hibernation is a state of reduced metabolic activity in animals, and their awakening is spontaneous, influenced by ambient temperature, occurring naturally after the winter sleep period.
1. When employing r-DNA technology, the use of distinct restriction enzymes for cutting the vector and donor DNA leads to fragments possessing different sticky ends. 2. These sticky ends generated from the cutting process are not complementary to each other. 3. The non-complementary nature of the sticky ends hinders spontaneous rejoining of the DNA fragments. … Read more
1. If the malfunctioning device cannot achieve a temperature below 70 °C, the initial primer annealing step will face impediments. 2. Each primer possesses a distinct annealing temperature, determined by its A, T, G, C composition, typically ranging from 40-60 °C.
The ideal cloning vector should possess the following desired characteristics: 1. Enable independent replication through an origin of replication gene. 2. Facilitate seamless transfer into host cells. 3. Incorporate essential control elements such as promoters, operators, and ribosomal binding sites. 4. Integrate marker genes for antibiotic resistance. 5. Include recognition sites for restriction enzymes within … Read more
In India, four prevalent honey bee species include Apis dorsata (rock bee or wild bee), Apis florea (little bee), Apis mellifera (European bee), and Apis indica (Indian bee). Uses: 1. Rock bees : Rock bees yield an impressive 36 kg of honey per comb annually and also generate beeswax. 2. Little bees : Little bees … Read more
The significance of fisheries in the economy is as follows: 1. Offering valuable employment and self-employment opportunities, the industry proves to be a significant source of livelihood for many individuals. 2. Fish contribute to a nutritious diet, serving as a vital source of wholesome food. 3. The fishing industry generates various commercially valuable by-products, including … Read more
Farm management adheres to the following principles: 1. Choosing high-yield breeds. 2. Comprehending farm animals’ feed needs. 3. Providing ample nutritional sources for animals. 4. Ensuring environmental cleanliness. 5. Sustaining health through veterinary oversight. 6. Implementing vaccination initiatives. 7. Creating high-yield crossbred varieties. 8. Producing diverse items and preserving them. 9. Handling distribution and marketing … Read more