Excitability : Increased responsiveness or irritability characterizes the heightened sensitivity of an organ or body part, reflecting its heightened reactivity to stimulation. Conductivity: Conductivity refers to how easily electric charge or heat can move through a substance. A conductor is a material that offers minimal resistance to the flow of electric current or thermal energy. … Read more
1. Parkinson’s disease causes this condition. 2. It results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the central nervous system. 3. 80% of patients experience this condition alongside stiffness, walking difficulties, and challenges in balance and coordination.
Heart beat: The sympathetic nervous system speeds up the heart rate, while the parasympathetic nervous system slows it down. Urinary bladder: The sympathetic nervous system suppresses bladder contractions, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes bladder contraction.
1. The medulla oblongata regulates involuntary bodily functions. 2. Essential activities like heartbeats, respiration, vasomotor functions, and peristalsis are governed by the medulla oblongata. 3. Injury to the medulla oblongata results in an immediate cessation of these vital functions. 4. Consequently, damage to the medulla oblongata can lead to abrupt cessation of life.
1. Rakesh’s fall from the motorbike involved the protective brain membranes: dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater, shielding against injury. 2. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) also served as a shock absorber during the accident, enhancing protective measures.
Intrinsic Clotting: 1. Start: Intrinsic clotting begins when there is damage inside blood vessels, like the lining getting hurt. 2. Involved Parts: It uses things in the blood, like platelets and plasma proteins (factor XII). 3. Step-by-Step: A series of steps happens, activating different factors in the blood to make a strong blood clot. 4. … Read more
Blood Capillary: 1. Function: Blood capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. 2. Composition: As part of the circulatory system, they contain red and white blood cells, along with plasma. 3. Fluid Movement: Blood capillaries enable the movement of blood from arteries to veins, delivering oxygen-rich … Read more
Blood: 1. Composition: Blood is a red fluid that contains red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. 2. Function: It does many jobs, like carrying oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, removing waste, and helping the immune system. 3. Color: Blood looks red because of something called hemoglobin in the red blood cells. 4. Travel: It … Read more
Arteries and veins, both essential components of the circulatory system, exhibit distinctions in their structure, function, and the nature of the blood they transport. Artery: 1. Function: Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to nourish various body tissues and organs. 2. Blood Type: Typically, arteries convey oxygenated blood, with the exception of the … Read more
Open Circulatory System: 1. Predominantly present in invertebrates. 2. Blood circulates freely through cavities due to the absence of vessels. 3. Commonly observed in arthropods and mollusks. 4. Nutrients and gases are exchanged directly with tissues in open spaces. 5. Limited control over blood flow, as it moves through open compartments. Closed Circulatory System: 1. … Read more