Predation serves as a biological control method for managing pest insects, as predators feed on these pests, helping to naturally regulate their population within the habitat.
Brood parasitism
1. The concept involves species vying for scarce natural resources. 2. An example is the Abingdon tortoise’s extinction in Galapagos, attributed to competition with introduced goats. 3. The goats’ superior browsing efficiency played a role in the rapid decline of the tortoise population.
1. Lichen consists of a mutualistic partnership between algae (cyanobacteria) and fungus, where the algae perform photosynthesis to produce food, and the fungus aids in moisture absorption. 2. Algae and fungus in lichen depend on each other, with algae synthesizing food through photosynthesis and the fungus contributing by absorbing moisture.
The phenomenon of blending into the surroundings by mimicking similar colors, markings, and shapes to evade predators and prey, as observed in creatures like stick insects and leaf insects.
Parasitism is a relationship between two species where one, the parasitic species, benefits at the expense of the other, known as the host, by causing harm.
Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one species benefits while the other remains unaffected, experiencing neither harm nor benefit.
(i) Bt cotton: Engineered for insect resistance to protect the crop from pests. (ii) Flavr Savr Tomato: Modified to slow down softening during ripening, enhancing shelf life. (iii) Golden Rice: Genetically modified to be rich in vitamin A, addressing nutritional deficiencies. (iv) Holstein Cow: Genetically altered for increased milk productivity.