The thyroid gland’s atrophy causes a reduction in thyroid hormone secretion, leading to the development of hypothyroidism.
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone:
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce and release an adequate amount of thyroid hormone into the body.
a. Cretinism:
Hypothyroidism, characterized by a deficiency in the production of the thyroid hormone thyroxine, can lead to a condition in children marked by mental retardation, stunted growth, and the development of a pot belly.
b. Myxedema:
Myxedema coma arises as a consequence of prolonged, unaddressed, or inadequately treated hypothyroidism. While any etiology of hypothyroidism has the potential to culminate in myxedema coma, the predominant factor is frequently chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
C. Simple goitre:
A prevalent reason for the development of goiter is insufficient iodine intake, as the body relies on iodine for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. In the absence of an adequate iodine supply in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to maximize its iodine absorption, ensuring the production of the necessary thyroid hormones at appropriate levels.